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    The board's contribution to strategy and business performance: Some thoughts to ponder

    Accountability Governance Performance Strategy
    The topics of strategy in the boardroom and the influence that boards have (or not!) over firm performance have been in the minds and on the lips of many people in recent months. From high-quality articles on websites and respected magazines, to academic research papers, speeches at conferences and symposia and casual thoughts expressed in private, the conversation has ebbed and flowed.
    That these topics remain on the radar suggests that directors are starting to recognise that the board might have a role beyond approving strategy and monitoring performance. But what role? To assist the discussion, here are some thoughts published on Musings in the last twelve months:
    I hope this collection of links is of some use. Please contact me if you would like to pick up on any of the points made here or elsewhere.
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    Even small milestones are important. They mark progress.

    Governance Phd Research Update
    Just over three years after first setting out, I arrived at a small but significant milestone on my doctoral research today. The candidate final draft of the thesis (a 'mere' 336 pages) was sent to my supervisors for their detailed review. I'm hoping that, subject to relatively minor edits and changes, this draft will be submitted for examination.
    Tomorrow will be my second day off in 2015. After a steady diet of 14 hour days, my wife is not sure what I'll do with myself. I've got a fair idea: it'll probably involve a Colnago, and I doubt there will be a word processor in sight! Thank you to everyone who has provided support to this point. The journey is not over yet, but I'm hopeful that the end is not too far away now.
    The personal satisfaction of arriving at this point is palpable: Some of the numbers: read over 1000 articles; listened to over 6GB of audio recordings of board meetings and interviews; read and analysed over 900 printed pages of documentation; untold hours spent wrestling with candidate theories; and, written over 83,000 words (this is what remains, I've probably written and scrapped at least 20,000 more than this). The going has been tough lately, because writing up a thesis, in an academic style is not my forte. A couple of months ago, I expressed some frustration. Today, the sun shone again, and it was good.
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    Should the threshold for director elections be increased?

    Ethics Leadership Strategy
    Most of the elections and meeting resolutions that I have been involved in over the past 35 years have used 50% as the acceptance threshold. Gain the support of at least half of the decision-makers and the proposal is accepted or candidate appointed. While this is an easy threshold to understand (more people support the idea or person than don't), the possibility of a large pool (sometimes close to half) of people who are opposed means that the post-decision period can be filled with angst and opposition.
    I've long wondered whether a higher threshold might be appropriate, especially when voting for company directors and making major (read: strategic) decisions. In other words, big decisions need widespread support. If a director candidate or a proposal fails to gain the support of most of those with decision rights, then clearly the body is not in strong agreement. Two of the social enterprises that I have been involved with for many years work this way: one uses 66% and the other 75% as their decision threshold. Yes, sometimes it takes a little longer to get agreement, but the time-to-benefits is usually much less because people are more united. Overall, the approach has served the enterprises, and those they serve, well.
    The question of decision thresholds was raised in the business press recently. Seventy per cent was mooted as a possible threshold. Might such a proposal have legs? Would directors would be more likely to think and act in the best interests of the company? Candidates and those promoting various proposals would need to work harder to gain more widespread support, that's for sure. Decision timeframes would probably blow out; director candidates and strategy proposals might need to be more populist to garner the widespread support needed to breech the threshold; and, necessary but unpopular proposals might fail to attract the required levels of support thus putting unnecessary pressure on people, resources and possibly business viability.
    While these downsides might seem daunting, the idea of raising the decision threshold on major decisions (like director elections and the approval of strategy, for example) might be worth some consideration. After all, the more united a group can be, the more likely it is of achieving its goal and, therefore, realising the expected benefits. What do you think?
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    Petrobras initiates #corpgov review, albeit from the inside

    Accountability Ethics Governance Performance
    Petrobras, Brazil's state-owned oil company, hit the headlines today, saying that it intends to revise its governance and organisational management model. The company has had problems with corruption and, just recently, employed a governance, risk and compliance (GRC) officer, its first.
    Interestingly, the review will be conducted by a "group of executives with experience in various areas of the company". This sounds reasonable enough, until you consider that the stated problem is corruption. The review is being conducted by the very people that may (or may not) have been involved. How much confidence should one place in the internal panel isolating the problem(s) and, having done so, the Petrobras board making changes to get its house in order? Usually, such reviews are conducted by external parties, if they are to be afforded any credibility.
    This will be interesting to watch.
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    Diversity: what is the endgame?

    Governance Leadership Performance Societal Wellbeing
    Diversity is a topic that has gotten under people's skin, and rightly so. Much has been written, spoken and argued in recent times. Many blog rolls and column-inches have been expended by people arguing for or against various physical incarnations of diversity in the executive suite and boardroom. Clearly, the 'diversity' seed has sprouted. But for what purpose? What is the endgame? And, what should the endgame be?
    Many have argued that that the presence of women on boards is causative to increased business performance; others have argued that no such causation exists. Actually, the academic research is mixed: it shows positive, neutral and negative correlations. This should be of no surprise. That such a blunt stick (a single observable attribute: gender) might make a consistent difference in a complex, socially-dynamic system defies belief. I have mused on this in the past. 
    Thankfully, the argument is now starting to mature, beyond the physical aspects of diversity (gender, race, ethnicity, age, etc.) to the identification of underlying attributes and qualities of capable executives and directors, to understand how directors contribute and work together. However, another question lies in wait: the 'so what?' question. What is the purpose of appointing women onto boards and increasing the apparent diversity in executive suites? Is the motivation political (equality)? Or to maximise profit for shareholders? Or is there some other sustainable driver that needs to be brought into focus?
    Businesses exist to provide a product or service and, in so doing, provide a (hopefully!) healthy return to those who invested in the business in the first place. Is this the endgame? It might be for some. However, as diversity for diversity's sake is not sustainable, neither is profit for profit's sake. Shareholders do not live in isolation from others in the community. If shareholders 'win' (through the accumulation of profits), it stands to reason that losers will emerge elsewhere.
    The challenge for all of us to to lift our gaze beyond simple measures like the number of women on boards or quotas and, if we dare, beyond profit as the primary measure of business performance, to think about the endgame. Phil O'Reilly, CEO of Business New Zealand, recently said that the purpose of capitalism is greater than profit (although that is a reasonable and necessary output). He said that the objective was strong communities. Could that be the endgame we need to focus our attention on?
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    Paper accepted onto EURAM conference programme

    Conferences Governance Performance Research
    I am thrilled to announce that a paper written earlier this year, entitled Boards, strategy and business performance: Observations from inside boardrooms, has been accepted onto the programme of the prestigious European Academy of Management (EURAM) conference, to be held in Warsaw, Poland on 17–20 June. A copy of the abstract has been posted here. Some 1350 papers were submitted for consideration, so to be have been selected and asked to speak at the conference is truly an honour. Thank you to the reviewers and track chair who considered the paper sufficiently worthy.
    This conference becomes the third (of three) that I will be contributing to in June: 
    I will be on the ground in the UK and EU to continue the corporate governance discussion from 2 to 20 June, with some time available between conferences. If you would like to take advantage of my proximity—as a speaker or facilitator, or to seek some advice—please contact me.