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    Is it time for our business schools to get closer to business?

    Acclaimed businessman, Rob Fyfe (formerly CEO of Air New Zealand), was reported this week as saying that business students don't understand leadership in the real world, and that universities should take a more authentic approach to leadership study. I agree.

    Over the last two years, I have been immersed in post-graduate study—initially a post-graduate certificate in business, and subsequently doctoral study. In so doing, I have observed some rather interesting behaviours and patterns that, quite frankly, trouble me.
    • A large percentage (perhaps the majority, even) of the academic researchers and tutors I have come in to contact with seem to have a very relaxed attitude towards time. The importance of time that pervades business is not apparent in academia. 
    • Many of the students I've met (both under-graduate and post-graduate) seem to lack any real appreciation of how business is conducted. Consequently, their ability to appreciate management concepts and theories, and think about them critically, is compromised.

    The consequences of these behaviours and patterns appear in the assignment submissions, theses and research reports produced by students and faculty. Much of the material is technically correct but either hard to understand or lacking in any applicability to real-world situations. It's almost as if the "so what?" question has never been posed, let alone wrestled with.

    In my opinion, all aspiring business students should be required to undertake at least five years practical experience in a relevant field before they are accepted into any post-graduate programme. Also, faculty should be required to do a significant period of field work on at least a sabbatical basis (every seven years). This type of requirement would ensure students and staff have at least a basic understanding of business in the real-world. Such a model may well be threatening to some faculty who sit comfortably in their learned environment. However, I suspect the quality and practical usefulness of the research produced, and calibre of graduates re-entering the workforce, would increase markedly.

    What do you think?
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    Poor company performance: Boards need to be held accountable

    Can shareholders and other stakeholders "blame" Boards for poor company performance? Should they? What is reasonable? If we accept that the Board is the ultimate authority in any organisation (and we should, because the legislation in most western jurisdictions supports this position), then the Board should be accountable for company performance.

    This seemingly straightforward answer is not nearly so straightforward in practice however. Companies are open systems, and company performance is affected by many factors, some of which are external to, and beyond the direct control of, the Board. David Walker discussed this point in a helpful opinion piece which appeared in the Guardian this week. Notwithstanding the complexities discussed by Walker, the Board should never be excused from taking its responsibilities seriously; from being engaged; from understanding the company's business; from regularly considering strategic options and making strategic decisions; from actively monitoring performance; from making adjustments as necessary; and, from standing by its decisions.

    The Board needs to understand how the company is performing at any time. If company performance fails for some reason, the Board should know about it and act decisively. This is what shareholders expect. If a Board cannot or will not act, or if it does not understand actual performance, it should be replaced. Ultimately, the buck has to stop somewhere. This is accountability.
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    Women on Boards: what is the real goal?

    Interest in gender diversity in boardrooms and C-suites has been increasing over the last 12-18 months. In that time, many commentators have expounded the virtues of having women alongside men on Boards and in C-suites, in both the academic and practitioner literature. Lobby groups have been established and conferences convened, with good effect.

    While such efforts are laudable, the suggestion that the presence of women (on Boards) leads to increased company performance—as has been asserted in the rhetoric—is a big call. I agree that a relationship appears to exist, however I am yet to see any robust evidence that supports the assertion that the presence of women on boards per se improves company performance.

    Before you launch volleys in my direction, please read on. Governance is a complex, open system, and many inputs affect the operation of Boards and the outputs they produce. A single-minded focus on one structural variable—as has been the case with gender—is far too simplistic. Rather, attention needs to move away from bidding up the percentage of seats occupied by women (and expecting performance will reliably improve as a result), towards the holistic consideration of governance as a system, and to the causative factors that affect performance. Preliminary research efforts suggest that behavioural factors; high levels of engagement; vigorous debate; an involvement in the development of strategy; and, the making of strategic decisions, are far more likely casual mechanisms than gender or any other structural variable.

    So, to my question. What is the real objective of placing women on Boards? Participation or performance? If it's the latter (and I hope it is), then the focus needs to move beyond counting the number of women around the table, to discovering what Boards actually do as they go about their work, and to how that contributes to performance (or not). 
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    The Solid Energy case: we have much to learn

    The case of state-owned enterprise Solid Energy, the CEO of whom was a doyen of the business community, raises some interesting questions, as practitioners and researchers search for reasons for the "perfect storm" and the recent fall from grace:
    • What sequence of events and circumstances led to Solid Energy arriving in its current predicament?
    • Why did Solid Energy pursue such an aggressive diversification plan, and risk the viability of its core business in so doing?
    • Who approved the diversification plan, and what milestones and monitoring regime was put in place to ensure goals were being met?
    • Why did the Board not respond more quickly or more decisively in the face of a rapidly changing external factor (slump in coal prices)?

    Hopefully, answers to at least some of these questions will become apparent in the coming weeks, as the investigations proceed. We have much to learn from this case—both in terms of what happened, and in terms of how governance, decision-making and management could (should?) be conducted differently in the future.

    In the meantime, one thing that has been puzzling me has been the response of the Board. Why did Don Elder, the former CEO, have to endure considerable criticism from the media, the public, former employees and the government (the shareholder and regulator) in recent days? Why was attention not focussed on the Board, and why did they not come forward? Surely the Board, as the shareholder's representative, holds the ultimate accountability to ensure the satisfactory and sustainable performance of the business?

    The attendance of John Palmer, former Chair, alongside Don Elder at the Select Committee meeting yesterday provided some comfort. Helpfully, apologies were provided to affected parties amongst the conciliatory and defensive responses. However, many questions over the financial management of the company, and of how strategic decisions were made, remain. Hopefully, the various authorities and interested stakeholders will put their reputations, egos and agendas aside in order to conduct a proper investigation and learn from the findings. Here's hoping.
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    Perhaps Board composition does matter after all?

    An interesting article appeared in the Financial Times about a week ago. I've been pondering it for a few days now, because it challenged my perception that Board composition has relatively little bearing on company performance outcomes.

    The article reported the results of a comprehensive survey into US company performance in the decade 2000–2009. The results revealed that the prevalence of lawyers on Boards increased from 24% (2000) to 43% (2009)—and that the levels of litigation, malpractice and corporate risk-taking declined markedly—through the decade. The results are not that surprising, given the introduction of Sarbanes-Oxley and other compliance measures in the survey period.

    On the surface, this study suggests that the presence of lawyers on Boards does make a difference in some areas (and therefore composition may matter). But what about the big question: Does the presence of lawyers lead to increased company performance? The study enhances the case for lawyers on Boards for their contribution to the risk conversation. However, this should not be misunderstood as providing evidence to link the presence of lawyers with increased company performance. Increased performance is dependent on innovation, the taking of risks and the making strategic decisions—all of which are somewhat of an anathema to many members of the legal community.

    So, does Board composition matter when it comes to company performance? On the evidence provided by  this study, we still can't tell—but I doubt it.
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    Adding a string to my bow

    I added a new string to my bow (so to speak) today—by becoming a Tutor at Massey University. So, with tutoring in the mix, I now have six strings to manage and keep in tune (Doctoral candidate, advisor, director, husband/father, cyclist, tutor). The task I've taken on is to teach the 115.108 Organisations and Management paper on the Wellington campus. It's a core paper in the BBS programme, and should be a lot of fun.

    Preparing for weekly lecture and tutorial sessions will be a new experience for me, one that promises to be both demanding and fulfilling. I'll need to organise my time in a more structured manner than I've been used to—to ensure I meet the weekly cycle and provide space for students to visit to ask questions. On the upside, the idea of contributing to the learning and development of the next generation of business men and women is quite neat.

    One initial observation: the systems and processes Massey has in place for new staff—even part-timers on fixed term contracts like me—are amazing. When I visited the campus today, I discovered access to key on-line resources had already been configured, an office had been assigned, access keys and cards were waiting for collection, and staff were bending over backwards to be helpful. If today is any guide, I'm in for a fulfilling semester ahead. Hopefully, the students agree!