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    For what purpose?

    Accountability Corporate Governance Decision Making Effectiveness Management Performance Strategy
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    Recently, I announced the findings of empirical research conducted over an eight year period. The aim of that research was to discover how many boards are fully aligned in relation to corporate purpose. The findings were staggering: five per cent of the participating boards—yes, one in twenty—were completely aligned in relation to corporate purpose. When asked, every director and executive had an answer, but only five boards (out of one hundred and three, to date) had one answer. How can any board do its job (make informed decisions, and provide effective steerage and guidance) if it has not first agreed on an objective (purpose) to work towards?
    Compare this situation with that of a plant. The example in the picture—echium vulgare, or, more commonly, viper's bugloss or blueweed—is as good as any. Echium vulgare, a native of Europe, is an introduced species in parts of north-eastern North America, south-eastern South America, and New Zealand. The plant is toxic to horses and cattle, but the bright blue flowers are very attractive to bees. And, despite the toxins in the plant, honey produced from the nectar is very tasty indeed!
    "So what?" you might ask. To compare a board and a plant seems a little odd. Yes, maybe, but please allow me to explain. 
    E. vulgare, like all other plants, has a single purpose, which is to grow and reproduce. All the plant's energies are dedicated to this single goal, using the resources available to it. Nothing more, and nothing less. In contrast, many companies operate without an overarching and enduring goal, as the research mentioned above shows (save to make a profit). And that begs another question: how can any organisation realise its full potential without first establishing a clearly defined and achievable goal?
    'Purpose' has become a hot topic in board, shareholder and stakeholder circles. Some have interpreted purpose to mean mission and vision: an overarching goal the company intends to achieve. Others have a different understanding—one that positions the company as a servant of society, as the question below illustrates:
    How can a company not be in the business of improving human health and making the world a better place?
    This question, posed by a US-based leadership consultant, positions purpose as a catalyst to influence or resolve an external societal or environmental situation. In effect, the underlying expectation is that the company prioritises something external and, most probably, well beyond the company's means and ability to influence, much less achieve.
    The difference between the two understandings is stark, as are the implications. Readers will, probably, gravitate towards one or other, and some may hold such strong views as to be offended by 'the other one'. And that is okay; shareholders and the board can strive to achieve whatever they want—such is their prerogative.
    What matters is that every board takes responsibility for answering the question, of why the company it is charged with governing exists. Essentially, "For what purpose?" Without this, the company will lack a North Star, and efforts to create a meaningful strategy, let alone allocate resources well and achieve high levels of performance, will be fraught. But, if purpose is clearly stated, and agreed and understood by every director and all key staff, the company will not only attain membership of a most desirable club—the Five Percent Club—the board will have established a robust foundation upon which a coherent strategy can be developed, resources allocated, decisions made, and the full potential of the company pursued. And that, I think, is a good thing.
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    Do you have a question about governing with impact, or driving organisational performance?

    Accountability Corporate Governance Decision Making Director Development Effectiveness Governance Leadership Performance Tough Questions
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    One of the great joys of being an independent advisor is the opportunity to spend time with people from a wide range of backgrounds; business and social experiences; walks of life; and, in my case, countries and cultures. The depth and breadth of humanity never ceases to amaze me. Paradoxically, a common thread runs amongst the diversity: people intent on improving organisational effectiveness and making a difference spend lots of time asking questions, lots of questions.
    When a question is asked from the floor after a keynote talk, during an advisory engagement or professional development workshop, or as part of a confidential discussion or informal chat, something mysterious happens: Both parties learn! This should come as no surprise, for no one has all the answers—although some people behave as if they do.
    Recently, I posed several questions board directors may wish to consider. ​The response to that musing has been overwhelming, so I thought an open invitation might be in order.
    ​If you have a question about any aspect of corporate governance, strategic management, board craft or the challenge of governing with impact—either personally or on behalf of a board you serve on—please ask and I will gladly respond. Use the comment link here or, if you prefer, send an email. Let's learn together!
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    The questions we ask matter, do they not?

    Accountability Corporate Governance Decision Making Effectiveness Governance Strategy Tough Questions
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    The role of company director has become quite visible over the past couple of decades. From hardly rating a mention in the popular press or polite society fifty years ago, public awareness of boards and directors has blossomed in recent times. Questionable practices and failures of various kinds have seen boards become a source of board fascination and disdain—targets of criticism in the eyes of the business media, political class, regulators and, increasingly, the wider public. Activists, institutional investors, proxy advisors, and other stakeholders and supernumeraries have sought to exert influence and press various claims too, on both company priorities and board decision making (think: ESG, disclosures, DEI, climate change, net zero, and more besides).
    While some boards have responded well to changing circumstances, others have battened down the hatches. Defensiveness can be an important response at times, but it is not a sustainable tactic given the mandate to govern (provide appropriate steerage and guidance to achieve a specified goal).
    If directors are to steer and guide effectively, they need to consider information, ask questions to check progress and elicit missing information and, having debated various options, make decisions. This is crucial, for the questions directors ask may be the difference between effectiveness and ineffectiveness in role. The following list provides a useful starting point for boards intent on governing with impact:
    • Why does the company exist (purpose)?
    • Are we doing the right things, to achieve agreed purpose?
    • Are intentions, decisions and instructions being actioned as planned?
    • Are expected benefits [from a prior strategic decision] being realised?
    • How are we monitoring and assessing signals, disruptions, and trends?
    • Are we attuned to stakeholder expectations and preferences?
    • How will shareholders and legitimate stakeholders be kept up to date?
    • What of non-business matters, such as, funding family activities, or social or environmental concerns?
    • Is enough time being allocated to scenario planning and strategising?
    • Is resource allocation aligned with desire outcomes?
    Do you agree or disagree—I welcome your thoughts on this! Also, what other questions have you found useful?
  • Published on

    Our own worst enemy?

    Accountability Corporate Governance Decision Making Director Development Effectiveness Governance Performance Tough Questions
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    I have spent four days in Australia this week, meeting with directors, advisors and a couple of institutional leaders in two state capitals. While the weather has been great, a few storm clouds [metaphorically, on the governance horizon] were apparent. Whether these are serious problems, or just differences of opinion, they strike me as being worthy of discussion. I’d be delighted if you would ponder the following situations, and share your thoughts to help me understand why boards, more often than not, erode value.
    • Confusion over what governance is:​ A meeting with a sixty-something director, with over two decades of experience, set me on my backside. He explained that “most of my colleagues understand that corporate governance and compliance are, essentially, interchangeable words”. He went on to say that board directors don’t spend enough time thinking about the future (agreed), and that the solution is to give governance a radical overhaul. When I asked, he said that governance needs to be redefined, “because the expectation is unrealistic.” He suggested advisory boards have a significant role to play, for directors cannot hope to keep up with the pace of change, and someone needs to advise the CEO anyway. I opined that everything he suggested was, in fact, within the remit of governance (to steer, to guide, to pilot), but he wasn’t having a bar of it. Governance, in his mind, is compliance; and the board’s job is to keep the CEO “safe”.
    • Regulating one’s way to performance: A meeting in Sydney, with three people familiar with regulatory frameworks—all of whom are professionally trained as lawyers—caught me on the hop. All three agreed that the imposition of codes and regulatory frameworks was necessary, because “statutes don’t go far enough.” The implication was that rules drive compliance, and that compliance with rules equates to performance. In other words, follow the rules and the organisation will thrive. I was shocked. Rules are, I think, boundaries—nothing more. How can one possibly thrive if the extent of their contribution is merely to ensure they live within the rules?
    These examples demonstrate, to me anyway, that questions of what corporate governance is, the role of the board and how governance might be practiced are far from resolved. Directors and their advisors seem to be their own worst enemies. Flawed understandings of what governance is (the provision of steerage and guidance, to achieve an agreed strategic aim), and how it might be practiced, remain serious barriers to boards fulfilling their mandate, which is to ensure the enduring performance of the company. Why do some directors’ institutes, advisory and consulting firms, regulators, academics, and media commentators continue to discuss “best practice” and promote various matters that have little if any direct impact on achieving sustainably high levels of organisational performance? Surely attention needs to be on helping directors and boards do their job well, n’cest ce-pas? I have a few ideas to crack this problem, but I’m keen to hear what you think.
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    Governance and ESG: what’s driving what?

    Accountability Corporate Governance Decision Making Effectiveness Governance Performance Sustainability
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    I’ve been holidaying in Scotland this week, the first of two in the Highlands after whistle-stop visits to Edinburgh and Glasgow. I prefer the countryside over cities, the wide-open spaces and the scenery. The vistas in Scotland are especially magnificent, especially if the weather is fine, which it has been this week. Today, I saw the Jacobite Steam Train in action as it crossed the famous Glenfinnian Viaduct—well almost in action, for the chance of a wayward spark starting a fire in the adjacent bracken has limited this famous tourist experience to a push-me pull-you configuration with a heritage diesel locomotive bringing up the rear. The question, in my mind and the minds of others witnessing the viaduct crossing, was, “Which locomotive is actually doing all the work?” Or, more plainly, what is driving what? From the picture, the answer is not immediately obvious. However, the very presence of the diesel locomotive provides an important clue. And so it was. Today, the Jacobite Steam Train excursion was, in fact, the Jacobite Steam Train experience, powered by diesel.
    The visual imagery provides a powerful analogy for something else I saw today; a press release issued by the Institute of Directors entitled, “ESG must not neglect governance!”
    The headline implies that governance (from the Greek, meaning to steer, to guide, to pilot) is little more than a component of ESG (a means of measuring corporate performance). This, despite governance being the term that describes the work of the board of directors (the means by which companies are directed and controlled). But, reading on, the situation is not quite as it first seemed. Dr. Roger Barker, head of the policy unit, acknowledged the importance of boards taking non-financial (so-called, ESG) factors into account when making decisions. But he also noted the emergence of an “ESG industry” that has started to control various agendas, with little interest in the enduring performance of the company. And, with it, boards are being subordinated to a lesser role. Barker issued a strong call: to subsume governance within ESG may well result in the important work of the board in driving business performance becoming neglected.
    Bravo, Dr. Barker! This is exactly what institutions need to be telling their members and others interested in corporate performance: ESG is a measurement and reporting mechanism, no more and no less. The board of directors is duty-bound to ensure the performance of the company, now and into the future, a high calling. If it is to discharge its duties well, the board needs to remain in control, driving the agenda. In doing so, the board should consider various externalities including social and environmental factors), of course, but it should not be beholden to them or to those applying the pressure.
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    Taking care of business

    Accountability Effectiveness Management
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    Today, 26th May, is my fourth and final day in the office this month. Airports, hotels, taxis, client and speaking engagements, and board meetings have been the order of the month—until today. Now, my attention is elsewhere: on other important tasks, which, if neglected, could undermine what has gone before. 
    Taking care of business on days like today means taking care of administration: creating and issuing invoices, collating receipts and claiming disbursements, checking in with a couple of director colleagues, and seeking feedback from family business meeting. And, regardless of whether one is a leader in a large organisation, a freelance consultant, small business owner, or an independent director and advisor, paperwork left to mount up exposes one to operational and, potentially, reputational damage.
    Most months, I spend one evening per week in the office, to keep on top of things. But sometimes, travel and other commitments stand in the way of this rhythm. And, when this happens, a concerted effort is needed to get back on track. Today is that day.
    How do you keep on top of administrative tasks?