• Published on

    If the CEO sets the vision, what value does the board add?

    Over the last three years, I have been banging a drum: that boards of directors need to lift their game. They need to get serious about their contribution to company success. Boards hold the delegated responsibility for the overall performance of the company, in accordance with the wishes of the shareholders. Therefore, important tasks of the board would appear to include setting vision (having understood the shareholders' wishes); determining strategy; and, oversight of management to ensure that the strategy is implemented effectively. Increasingly, directors are starting to think along these lines. For example, most of the delegates on each Institute of Directors Company Directors Course that I facilitate say that the board needs to set the vision and be involved in the setting of company strategy. However, when I watch boards in action, those that spend quality time on vision and strategy seem to be in the minority.

    A case in point is Microsoft. I was interested to read that Satya Nadella, the recently appointed CEO, has shared his first vision—an outline of Microsoft's direction under his leadership. His comments provide some early signals of where Microsoft wishes to head. Such guidance is helpful for staff, customers and investors. However, the article ascribes ownership of the vision to Nadella. There is no reference to the board, which is odd because the research suggests that there is a link between boards that set vision and get involved in the strategy development process, and improved company performance outcomes. This begs a rather obvious question: If Nadella and his managers are setting vision and strategy, what role is the Microsoft board performing (apart from adding cost)? Microsoft has a long and proud history of innovation, yet the very group charged with realising the wishes of the shareholders—the board—appears to be silent and adding no value. Could this be the case? I hope my assessment is wrong.
  • Published on

    Mixed-sex boards are better. Yes, but why?

    Another research report on the topic of women on boards has just been published. This one was completed by Prof. Judith Zaichkowsky of Simon Fraser University in Canada. You can read the full report in the June 2014 issue of International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics (*), or read the headline findings here. Amongst other findings, Zaichkowsky found the boards with even one woman rated more highly than those with no female directors. This confirms a trend that was first noticed a decade or so ago.

    The most interesting part of the report for me was the means by which it was conducted and the scope of the findings. The study was based on the statistical analysis of a number of variables of interest. I don't doubt the validity of the results. However, the thing to keep in mind with statistical analyses is that they can only show, at best, correlations—which is exactly what Zaichkowsky achieved.

    Knowing that mixed-sex boards can and often do have higher corporate governance ratings is helpful. However, there is an elephant in the room. The killer question is to understand why mixed-sex boards rate more highly, so that other boards can learn and apply the knowledge to their own situation. I doubt the answer has much to do with gender per se. Women do something different in the boardroom or they bring something different to the discussion, I suspect. That different thing appears to be valuable, so I would love to know what it is!

    My suggestion to researchers thinking about tackling the "why" question is to get inside some boardrooms and observe what actually happens. That's what I did for my research (to explain how boards can influence performance outcomes). If you'd like to discuss how to achieve this, please contact me, I'd be very happy to exchange ideas, and to outline about how I went about the challenge of gaining access.

    (*) The original article is available from the IJBGE website, for a fee. 
  • Published on

    Adapt or die: a recipe for change

    One of the big challenges for boards, managers and business leaders in the modern business world concerns change. Many leaders seem to be able to formulate strategy reasonably well. However, far fewer are effective when it comes to making organisational change happen. I was discussing this topic with a colleague this week—the context being the board's role in overseeing change—when they referred me to this short article published on the London Business School – Business Strategy Review website. The article took me about five minutes to read. However, as I pondered the ideas that author Therese Kinal mentions, the significance of her recipe started to dawn on me so I thought I'd share it with you. Kinal suggests that successful organisational change requires six ingredients:
    • A real, pressing and complex business problem
    • A diverse team with the right mix of skills and influence
    • Learning through action
    • Going through a battle
    • Synergistic co-operation
    • The coach

    Kinal offers some wonderful and highly pragmatic insights, based on a model she calls Unleashing. I won't repeat the detail of the article here, other than to say the recipe is people-centric (surprise, surprise), that none of the ingredients are optional and there are no shortcuts. If you are a company director, or an executive manager, I recommend you click on the link and read the article. I doubt you'll be disappointed. 
  • Published on

    Does big data mean big $$ and big headaches for boards?

    One of the hottest tickets in the technology world at present—alongside mobility and cloud—is "big data". The term is pervasive: I hear it mentioned or see it in print almost every day. Technology types—especially software companies and information consultants—are promoting big data as if it is some sort of nirvana, where all of the hassles of processing and making sense of seemingly unscalable mountains of data that pervade businesses simply go away. Consequently, many companies seem to be rushing towards expensive big data deployments. Some are ending up very disappointed.

    It's true that the results of big data analytics can reveal some interesting correlations about various things of interest. The results can be helpful to decision-making, but only if you know what questions to ask. The challenge for the board is to ensure that it is clear as to why big data is important:
    • How does the proposed system expedite the achievement of our agreed corporate strategy?
    • What material benefits will we accrue from its adoption?
    • What is the cost of not deploying the proposed system?

    Boards need to ask these questions before the not insignificant cost of deploying a system is authorised. (Actually, they are no different the questions a board should ask before any major capital decision.) Even if satisfactory answers to these important questions are forthcoming, one crucial limitation remains. A Financial Times article, published earlier this year, sums it up well:
    Big data do not solve the problem that has obsessed statisticians and scientists for centuries: the problem of insight, of inferring what is going on, and figuring out how we might intervene to change a system for the better.
    Big data is not a substitute for critical thinking, the careful consideration of strategic options, or smart decision-making. It is all well and good to buy a system to crunch a (very large) set of numbers. So-called big data systems can be very helpful at this task. But don't expect them to make sense of the answers that they spit out. If you do, there is a fair chance that you will end up disappointed.
  • Published on

    Corporate governance practices: one size does not fit all

    For over forty years now, researchers have been investigating boards to try to understand their contribution to business performance. The dominant logic has been to count things, perform statistical analyses and apply hypothetico-deductive science—to identify this elusive thing called "best practice". The latest group to pursue the "best practice" argument are the proxy advisory firms. Details their modus operandi are summarised in this blog, posted on the Harvard Law School site. 

    A best practice approach—whereby if one does 'x' then 'y' occurs—sounds great. However, the reality is not as straightforward. As most directors know, every situation that a board deals with is, to some extent, unique. Boards are made up of people. The context within which boards exist, the company, is also a construction of people. Board structures and board activities that work in one context may fail in another.

    The blog on the HLS site is helpful because recognises that one size does not fit all. It also exposes some of the practices promoted by proxy advisory firms for what they are: detrimental to performance. Notwithstanding this, boards can influence performance. While the blog on the HLS site has particular relevance to boards and shareholders of public companies, many of the suggestions are useful for boards of private companies as well. I commend it to you.
  • Published on

    How does [strategic] thinking differ from planning?

    The leaders of two different companies contacted me this week to ask if I could facilitate a corporate strategy session for their organisations. Both are both respected, long-standing participants in their respective sectors. One is currently updating its strategy, and the other has some concerns over the performance of an important business unit:
    • Derry*: The board and CEO have recently reviewed business performance, conducted an environment scan, identified options and developed a draft strategy. The request from the CEO is to facilitate a joint board/management session to challenge the assumptions; test linkages between purpose, strategic priorities and action plans; and, help the board reach the point of deciding whether to approve the proposed strategy or not.
    • Terra*: The CEO is concerned about a steady decline in the fortunes of a business unit over several years. "We do good work, and customers like us, but we struggle to win new business. We seem to lack a differentiator." I asked about the purpose of the business as a whole, because steady decline over several years can be an indicator of a bigger problem. The CEO said that the rest of the business was doing well—the implication being that the corporate strategy is correct. It was his view that the problem is purely one of execution within the business unit.

    While these two situations were quite different, they highlight an important dichotomy that seems to catch more than a few people out—the vital difference between strategic thinking and strategic planning, and the importance of doing both:
    • Strategic thinking is the process of finding options. It's about the big picture, casting the net wide, to discover possibilities. It's not about solving problems or picking a winner.
    • Strategic planning is the process of narrowing down options, of selecting the preferred one to achieve the business' goal, and of creating action plans. It's exactly about solving problems.

    Derry has been through the thinking process and the planning process. Therefore, the discussion with the board and the CEO should be a real pleasure, because they have a context against which to conduct the debate. In contrast, the Terra CEO seems to have treated the troubled business unit in isolation from the rest of the company, and jumped to the conclusion that something is wrong within the unit. It could be, but I wonder whether the company has a bigger problem: whether the corporate strategy has some holes in it. Why has business declined? Is the once-strong market for the business unit's services still there? What part does/should the business unit play in the wider corporate strategy? The world may have moved on, so fixing a unit without grounding it in reality can be a waste of time and money. 

    The process of thinking about the wider context, the market within which a business operates is vital. The temptation is to go straight into problem solving mode is powerful—everyone likes the satisfaction of having created a plan to solve a problem. However, this is rarely the best first step. My fear for Terra that any work on the business unit will simply paper over a bigger problem. I've suggested some questions for the CEO to ponder before he goes too much further. The next conversation will be very interesting. In the meantime, the Derry workshop is booked.

    * Usual story: the company names have been changed, to protect the parties involved.