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    ICMLG'14: closing remarks

    Conferences Governance Leadership Management Performance Research Strategy Teaching
    Well, ICMLG is over for another year. The ACP organisation, and hosts Babson College (Phil Dover and Sam Hariharan, in particular), organised a great conference. Delegates assembled from over 20 countries from the five major continents. The theme of entrepreneurship provided a linking thread between the keynote speakers (Isenberg and Schlesinger), the paper streams and many conversations over coffee and food.

    I particularly enjoyed the provocative sessions of Isenberg and Schlesinger, and appreciated the opportunity to test some of the ideas that are emerging from my research, especially with researchers from outside the Anglosphere. That feedback will result in some adjustments to the way that my thesis is written up. To everyone who offered feedback: thank you!

    I commend this conference to all management, leadership and governance researchers, and practitioners with an interest in these and related fields. Next year, the conference venue is in the southern hemisphere, in Auckland New Zealand. The co-hosts will be AUT and Massey University. Certainly, I am looking forward returning the hospitality afforded to me in the international conferences that I've been fortunate enough to attend in the last couple of years.
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    ICMLG'14: Visit to Cambridge Innovation Center

    Conferences Leadership Performance Research
    The organisers of ICMLG'14 provided delegates with a treat to cap of the first day of the conference—a guided visit to the Cambridge Innovation Center (CIC). After a somewhat circuitous transfer from Babson to CIC—in a yellow grade school bus no less—we were provided with a guided tour of the facility, after which we were given the opportunity to interact with many of the people that work there. The CIC is a huge facility. It's quite unlike anything I had seen before. Some notable points about the CIC (for me at least) included:
    • Adjacent to MIT, CIC is a serviced office facility on steroids. It is designed to bring entrepreneurs, startups and ambitious people and the companies together, into a community where they can work on their ideas, grow (if they are any good) and maybe even secure investment to really take off.
    • It claims to be the largest facility of its type in the world, with more startups clustered in one place than anywhere else in the planet
    • Approximately 700 companies, from one-person hot-desk type operations, through to larger established companies (including Apple and Google, we were told) are located there. Five hundred of them are startups, all of whom are ambitiously hoping to become scale-ups (a new term I learnt: it's the next level beyond a startup, once the company is underway).
    • Companies resident at the CIC have attracted over US$1.8bn of investment and venture capital (wow, that's a serious number, and is indicative of the calibre of the ideas and the people behind them).

    The concept of providing a large-scale facility for startups to come together, rub shoulders with each other and with supporting enterprises (from food, gym and back-office support, to funders, lawyers and other large-scale firms) makes sense. My early view is that this type of facility runs rings around incubators and small-scale clusters that you see elsewhere. The vital difference is the support of the large firms and the resources they bring. 

    We spent a couple of hours on the site, including receiving a briefing on the Smart Cities concept, before moving off to dinner at the Charthouse—a relaxing cap to a busy day.
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    ICMLG'14: We don't know what we don't know

    Conferences Governance Leadership Management Performance Strategy
    Peter Harrington, of Venture Simulations in the UK, presented an interesting talk on the value of simulation to enhance training and learning, particularly in entrepreneurial settings. One of the biggest challenges that managers and boards face is that they don't know what they don't know. When confronted with extreme or extremely rare situations, boards often don't know how to react or what a range of response mights might be.

    Many directors and entrepreneurs don't like being talked to or talked at. They like to do and to try. Harrington asserted that experimentation is good, and that the use of simulators is very useful for discovering what we don't know. Simulations help new pilots (for example) learn to fly without the expense or danger of using a real aircraft. They also help experienced pilots test themselves in extreme situations to practice, to make mistakes and to learn how to cope. Harrington provided a graphic example. The safe landing of US Airways 1549 in the Hudson River—the so-called "miracle on the Hudson"—can be attributed to, in part at least, the many hours Capt "Sully" Sullenberger spent in the flight simulator every six months, training himself to handle himself and the aircraft in extreme situations.

    Boards, entrepreneurs and managers may well be able to derive significant value from authentic simulation activities, to expose themselves and their company to extreme market forces, strategic options and other situations and, in so doing, improve their capability to respond well.  Such application would require greater levels of engagement in the learning and development process however, but I suspect the time spent would deliver a payoff quite quickly. If you want to to effect an introduction to Peter Harrington (he runs a commercial business developing and selling simulation systems), I'd be happy to do so. Please note I have no commercial or other interest in this offer, it is simply an offer to refer.
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    ICMLG'14: Keynote presentation day 2

    Conferences Leadership Management Research
    The keynote speaker to kick off the second day of ICMLG'14 was Dr Leonard Schlesinger. Dr Schlesinger was recently appointed Baker Foundation Professor at Harvard University.

    The talk—which built on Isenberg's entrepreneurial ecosystems talk on day 1—explored entrepreneurial thought and action, the primary point being that entrepreneurs are action-oriented rather than thinking-oriented. Whereas the normal modus operandi of established companies is built on structure and linearity, entrepreneurial activity is rather messy. Further, the future cannot readily be predicted (despite the best attempts of consulting firms and mature businesses to do through through detailed and systematic planning processes). Therefore, different approaches are required. Instead of "Where to?", the question needs to be "Where to next?" As such, a degree of predictability comes through the process of taking short steps. The goal should be to map out the next few steps, and to be agile based on known resources and known landscape at that time.

    Schlesinger had much to say, more than what is reasonable to share in this post. His talk would have been quite provocative for many listeners, but I revelled in his frank commentary. They have motivated me to pause and review of some of the assumptions that underpin my doctoral research work, which is great. I'll start that process on the flight from Boston to the Midwest on Saturday morning.
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    ICMLG'14: Accountability in cases of corporate failure

    Conferences Governance Leadership Management Performance Research Societal Wellbeing
    Dr James Lockhart, of Massey University, New Zealand, spoke to the highly topical issue of governance accountability in cases of corporate failure or fraud. After introducing the topic and comparing rules-based and principles-based systems of governance, Lockhart discussed several cases of corporate failure that have occurred in recent years, including:
    • Case #1: Approximately 70 finance companies went bust due to mismanagement, resulting in the loss of $850bn of investor's funds. Directors, CEOs and related parties were held accountable through the legal system, and several spent time in jail as a consequence of being found guilty.
    • Case #2: Twenty-nine employees and contractors were killed in a major industrial workplace accident. The CEO and some other parties were initially charged, however all charges were subsequently withdrawn, in effect removing any accountability.
    • Case #3: Hundreds of Asians became sick and six died as a result of contaminated milk products exported from New Zealand. No one, in either the affected country (China) or in New Zealand were charged.

    Lockhart's conclusion was telling: if boards and managers lose large sums of money they will be held accountable. However, if lives are lost different accountability rules will apply. The evidence analysed suggests that lives lost are accorded a lower standard of accountability. That seemed odd—tragic even—to Dr Lockhart, and to many members of the audience. 

    The question that lingered in my mind as I left the room? How long it will be (or how many more accidents will it take) before something is done about this glaring inconsistency?

    Disclosure: James Lockhart is my PhD supervisor. However, the paper he presented was entirely his work and I had no involvement in it.
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    ICMLG'14: Opening keynote

    Conferences Leadership Management Performance Research
    The opening keynote speaker at the International Conference on Management Leadership and Governance (ICMLG) was Dr Dan Isenberg. His topic was A Critical Path to Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. Isenberg described entrepreneurship, challenged a few folklore beliefs and introduced a concept he called an entrepreneurial ecosystem.

    Many scholars, business leaders, community leaders—and much of the popular press—would have us believe that the Google, Facebook, LinkedIn perspective of entrepreneurship is somehow the normal model to be pursued. (This being the rapid growth from nothing towards an IPO event 6–8 years later.) Isenberg challenged this view, and did so very strongly. He cited many examples of successful entrepreneurial businesses that are not necessarily startups or innovative or youthful or owners of small businesses. The data shows that many startups simply don't grow. Further, entrepreneurial businesses are far more likely to come from ideas that are written off as dumb or worthless by 'experts'. In contrast, entrepreneurial businesses are more commonly found in older, basic industries, and that they achieve sporadic growth over time.

    According to Isenberg's research (and experience from several working examples), some of the critical characteristics of successful entrepreneurial ecosystems are actually quite different from those that are commonly regarded as being crucial:
    • a few local success stories which are highly visible
    • a high quality of life, such that talented people desire to stay
    • there is a plethora of usable assets (people, finance, supportive large companies)
    • an anxiety, sense of urgency and fear of the future exists in the culture

    Those characteristics that are commonly regarded as being desirable, but are actually much less important in reality include:
    • having lots of startups in an incubator or cluster context
    • the presence of economic development agencies
    • tax incentive frameworks and supportive government policies

    Isenberg's comments will unsettle many folk, particularly those with an involvement or association with incubators, clusters, angel clubs or local EDAs. However, the evidence is compelling (and not dissimilar to the thoughts on innovation that Dr Bob Brown shared at ANZAM in Dec'13). Folk associated with these groups could do far worse than to take stock, because the current approaches aren't working. 

    Isenberg's talk set an expectant tone for the conference. It challenged much conventional wisdom, and was a breath of fresh air.